Network Working Group B. Carpenter Internet-Draft Univ. of Auckland Intended status: Informational B. Liu Expires: August 17, 2017 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd February 13, 2017 Technical Objective Formats for the Autonomic Network Infrastructure draft-carpenter-anima-ani-objectives-01 Abstract This document defines the formats of several technical objectives for the Generic Autonomic Signaling Protocol (GRASP) used by components of the Autonomic Networking Infrastructure outlined in the ANIMA reference model. It also covers other initial use cases for Autonomic Networking. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on August 17, 2017. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of Carpenter & Liu Expires August 17, 2017 [Page 1] Internet-Draft ANI GRASP Objectives February 2017 the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Objectives for Secure Bootstrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1. Flooded Objective for Join Registrar . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2. Negotiation Alternative for Join Registrar . . . . . . . 5 2.3. Flooded Objective for Join Assistant . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. Objective for Autonomic Control Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1. Flooding Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.2. Negotiation Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4. Objective for Stable Connectivity of Network OAM . . . . . . 8 5. Objective for Intent Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6. Objectives for Prefix Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7. Flood Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 10. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Appendix A. Change log [RFC Editor: Please remove] . . . . . . . 11 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1. Introduction This document defines several technical objectives for use with for the Generic Autonomic Signaling Protocol (GRASP) [I-D.ietf-anima-grasp]. They are intended for use by corresponding Autonomic Service Agents (ASAs) that support infrastructure components of the Autonomic Network Infrastructure (ANI) outlined in the ANIMA reference model [I-D.ietf-anima-reference-model]. Also other early use cases are in scope. Note: This draft is posted to allow systematic discussion of the various objectives in a consistent way. It is quite probable that rather than this being published as an RFC, the various objective definitions will be incorporated directly in the relevant specifications. The reference model identifies several infrastructure components that will fit together to form the ANI, and other early use cases for ANIMA are also considered: Secure Bootstrap. Carpenter & Liu Expires August 17, 2017 [Page 2] Internet-Draft ANI GRASP Objectives February 2017 Autonomic Control Plane (ACP). Stable Connectivity of Network OAM. Intent Distribution. Prefix Management The following sections define GRASP objectives for each of these cases. They are described in an informal object notation and formally using CBOR data definition language (CDDL) [I-D.greevenbosch-appsawg-cbor-cddl]. Undefined CDDL terms are defined in [I-D.ietf-anima-grasp]. 2. Objectives for Secure Bootstrap Three ANI components are involved in the Bootstrapping Remote Secure Key Infrastructures (BRSKI) process described in [I-D.ietf-anima-bootstrapping-keyinfra]: the Join Registrar, the Join Assistant (or Proxy), and the Pledge (or Joining Node). In the present document we only consider interactions between autonomic nodes involved in BRSKI; non-autonomic nodes are expected to use different methods not involving GRASP. Note that since secure bootstrap takes place, by definition, on an incompletely secure network, the use of any protocol needs to be kept as simple and limited as possible. Therefore, only one GRASP message type is used - flooding - to avoid giving away any unnecessary information by any node involved. Operationally, the most simple case is when proxy and pledge have a link-local connection between them. In this case, mutual discovery and bootstrap can happen without any prior provisioning of helper information by an external mechanism. Instead, link-local multicast with GRASP can and will be used. This will minimize exposure to eavesdroppers and malicious nodes. On the other hand, there may be multiple physical hops between the proxy and the registrar. Therefore, two different GRASP objectives are required: one that is used over an existing secure network (typically the ACP) between the registrar and the proxy, and another that is used over an insecure link-local hop between the proxy and the pledge. The security aspects and the corresponding limited instances of GRASP are discussed in [I-D.ietf-anima-bootstrapping-keyinfra] and [I-D.ietf-anima-grasp]. Carpenter & Liu Expires August 17, 2017 [Page 3] Internet-Draft ANI GRASP Objectives February 2017 2.1. Flooded Objective for Join Registrar A registrar announces itself to potential proxies by use of the "AN_join_registrar" objective. This is a synchronization objective primarily intended to be flooded throughout the network using the GRASP Flood Synchronization (M_FLOOD) message. In accordance with the design of the Flood message, a locator consisting of a specific IP address, IP protocol number and port number will be distributed with the flooded objective. An example of the objective is informally: ["AN_join_registrar", F_SYNCH, 5, [7, ["BRSKI-TLS"]]] The formal CDDL definition is registrar-objective = ["AN_join_registrar", F_SYNCH, loop-count, [max-hops, [*method]]] max-hops = uint ; loop-count at the source node method = text ; name of the BRSKI method supported The 'max-hops' parameter allows a proxy that receives this message to determine its distance in hops from the registrar, by subtracting the received 'loop-count' from 'max-hops'. (Note: it is an open issue whether to include this parameter. Its value would be to allow a proxy to choose the nearest of several registrars.) The 'method' parameter indicates the specific BRSKI method(s) available at the given locator. The initial possible values are "BRSKI-TLS" and "BRSKI-COAP". A registrar that supports one method per locator may flood multiple versions of the "AN_join_registrar" objective. A different objective can be flooded for each method to support the case where independent ASAs are providing the registrar function for different methods, or to support the case where different locators support each method. For example, BRSKI-COAP would most likely be focussed to help enrol non-autonomic pledges and could have a range of aspects that would make implementation in a separate ASA beneficial (e.g., different scale/policies for non-autonomic pledges). Alternatively, several methods supported by a single registrar at a single locator can be flooded as a single objective. Carpenter & Liu Expires August 17, 2017 [Page 4] Internet-Draft ANI GRASP Objectives February 2017 2.2. Negotiation Alternative for Join Registrar This alternative usage of "AN_join_registrar" uses additional features of GRASP. It requires additional complexity in the Join Assistant, and causes it to announce its existence to any eavesdroppers in the autonomic network via a multicast Discovery message. It must therefore only be used when GRASP is running securely, typically because the Join Assistant is in a node that has already joined the ACP. A Join Assistant discovers a Join Registrar and negotiates a BRSKI method with it by use of the "AN_join_registrar" objective. First, the pledge performs GRASP discovery. If multiple responses occur, it chooses one by an implementation-defined method. Then the pledge initiates GRASP negotiation to choose a mutually acceptable BRSKI method. An example of the objective is informally: ["AN_join_registrar", F_NEG, 6, ["BRSKI-COAP","BRSKI-TLS"]] The formal CDDL definition is: registrar-objective = ["AN_join_registrar", F_NEG, loop-count, [*method]] method = text ; name of the BRSKI method supported The parties will negotiate until one side proposes a single BRSKI method and the other side accepts. In the simplest case of immediate acceptance, there will only be two messages (Request Negotiate and End Negotiate). The locator (IP address, IP protocol number, port number) used for the negotiation will be available for the subsequent BRSKI operations, if required. 2.3. Flooded Objective for Join Assistant A Join Assistant announces itself to potential pledges by use of the "AN_join_assistant" objective. This is a synchronization objective primarily intended to be flooded on a single link using the GRASP Flood Synchronization (M_FLOOD) message. In accordance with the design of the Flood message, a locator consisting of a specific link- local IP address, IP protocol number and port number will be distributed with the flooded objective. An example of the objective is informally: ["AN_join_assistant", F_SYNCH, 1, "BRSKI-TLS"] The formal CDDL definition is: Carpenter & Liu Expires August 17, 2017 [Page 5] Internet-Draft ANI GRASP Objectives February 2017 assistant-objective = ["AN_join_assistant", F_SYNCH, 1, method] method = text ; name of the BRSKI method supported The loop-count is fixed at 1 since this is a link-local operation. The 'method' parameter indicates the specific BRSKI method available at the given locator. The initial possible values are "BRSKI-TLS" and "BRSKI-COAP". A Join Assistant that supports more than one method will flood multiple versions of the "AN_join_assistant" objective. 3. Objective for Autonomic Control Plane The Autonomic Control Plane (ACP) [I-D.ietf-anima-autonomic-control-plane] constructs itself without outside intervention. To achieve this, each node needs to identify its link-local neighbors on all interfaces, and agree on a secure connection method with each of them. There are at least two possible approaches for this: a flooding mechanism, in which each node announces itself and it security methods to its neighbors, or a discovery and negotiation mechanism, in which each node actively discovers its neighbors. For the moment this draft describes both methods. For either method, each node runs an ASA that supports the corresponding objective. This ASA permanently, as long as the node is capable of being part of the ACP, in order to discover or detect new ACP neighbors or to remove failed neighbors. 3.1. Flooding Alternative A node announces itself to potential ACP peers by use of the "AN_ACP" objective. This is a synchronization objective primarily intended to be flooded on a single link using the GRASP Flood Synchronization (M_FLOOD) message. In accordance with the design of the Flood message, a locator consisting of a specific link-local IP address, IP protocol number and port number will be distributed with the flooded objective. An example of the objective is informally: ["AN_ACP", F_SYNCH, 1, ["IKEv2","TLS"] The formal CDDL definition is: acp-objective = ["AN_ACP", F_SYNCH, 1, [*method]] method = text ; name of the connection method supported Carpenter & Liu Expires August 17, 2017 [Page 6] Internet-Draft ANI GRASP Objectives February 2017 The loop-count is fixed at 1 since this is a link-local operation. The 'method' parameter indicates the specific connection method available at the given locator. The initial possible values are "IKEv2", "GRE-IKEv2", "TLS" and "dTLS". A node that supports more than one method per locator may flood multiple versions of the "AN_ACP" objective. Note that a node serving both as an ACP node and BRSKI Join Assistant may choose to distribute the "AN_ACP" objective and "AN_join_assistant" objective in the same message, since GRASP allows multiple objectives in one Flood message. 3.2. Negotiation Alternative Each node discovers its neighbours and negotiates a connection method with each one by use of the "AN_ACP" objective. First, the node performs GRASP discovery, with the loop-count set to 1 and limited to link-local addresses. It records each response that it receives within the chosen discovery timeout. Then the pledge initiates GRASP negotiation with each newly discovered peer in turn to choose a mutually acceptable connection method. An example of the objective is informally: ["AN_ACP", F_NEG, 6, ["IKEv2","dTLS"]] The formal CDDL definition is: acp-objective = ["AN_ACP", F_NEG, loop-count, [*method]] method = text ; name of the connection method supported The parties will negotiate until one side proposes a single connection method and the other side accepts. In the simplest case of immediate acceptance, there will only be two messages (Request Negotiate and End Negotiate). The locator (IP address, IP protocol number, port number) used for the negotiation will be available for the subsequent operations, if required. Note that in the Discovery message, the loop count will be set to 1 to limit discovery to the local link. In the negotiation stage, the loop count will serve its normal purpose (limiting the negotiation to 6 steps in the above example). Carpenter & Liu Expires August 17, 2017 [Page 7] Internet-Draft ANI GRASP Objectives February 2017 4. Objective for Stable Connectivity of Network OAM For OAM purposes [I-D.ietf-anima-stable-connectivity], a special- purpose ASA, which we will call the NOC ASA, mediates connectivity between NOC systems performing OAM operations and autonomic nodes that can be reached securely via the ACP. This requires a discovery operation, which could be handled in two ways: the NOC ASA discovers all nodes, or each node discovers the NOC ASA. The latter seems much more practical. However, the NOC will need to know something about each target node, so the corresponding objective is defined as a negotiation objective to allow for this. An example of the objective is informally: ["AN_NOC", F_NEG, 6, [TBD]] The formal CDDL definition is: noc-objective = ["AN_NOC", F_NEG, loop-count, [TBD]] TBD = any ; node information to be defined When a node joins the ACP, one of its initial actions must be to perform GRASP discovery for "AN_NOC" and then to send a Request Negotiate message to the NOC ASA supplying TBD. If successfully received, the NOC ASA must reply with an End Negotiate message. From then on, any OAM communication between the NOC and the node in question will proceed over the ACP using the information TBD. 5. Objective for Intent Distribution The format and semantics of Intent are not yet defined, although some aspects are discussed in [I-D.du-anima-an-intent]. Here we assume that Intent is supplied to the whole network as a single file and that the file is obtained by each node that needs it via a specific Uniform Resource Identifier, typically a URL. We also assume that Intent, within a given autonomic domain, is qualified by a monotonically increasing version number, so that nodes can determine if their current copy of Intent is out of date. (A timestamp is not used for this purpose, since it would depend on all nodes having consistent clocks.) Thus, an Intent repository announces itself to all nodes by use of the "AN_intent_repo" objective. This is a synchronization objective primarily intended to be flooded using the GRASP Flood Synchronization (M_FLOOD) message. An example of the objective is informally: Carpenter & Liu Expires August 17, 2017 [Page 8] Internet-Draft ANI GRASP Objectives February 2017 ["AN_intent_repo", F_SYNCH, 6, [12345, "https://noc.example.com/Intent/"]] The formal CDDL definition is: intent-objective = ["AN_intent_repo", F_SYNCH, loop-count, [version-number,uri]] version-number = uint uri = text ; URI conforming to RFC 3986 A node that needs to obtain or update Intent will use the latest received version of this objective to check if the version number has increased, and will use the given URI to obtain the current Intent if necessary. 6. Objectives for Prefix Management An ASA for IPv6 prefix management is described in [I-D.ietf-anima-prefix-management]. It requires two GRASP objectives. An example of the first objective is informally: ["PrefixManager", F_NEG, 6, [True, 56, 0x20010db8f000ba000000000000000000]] The formal CDDL definition is: objective = ["PrefixManager", F_NEG, loop-count, [PD-support, length, ?prefix]] PD-support = true / false ; indicates whether sender supports PD length = 0..128 ; requested or offered prefix length prefix = bytes .size 16 ; prefix in binary format The second objective is intended for flooding out non-default parameters for prefix management: objective = ["PrefixManager.Params", objective-flags, text] loop-count = 0..255 ; as in the GRASP specification objective-flags /= ; as in the GRASP specification ;The text object would be the relevant parameter definitions ;transmitted as a single string with all whitespace and ;format characters removed. Carpenter & Liu Expires August 17, 2017 [Page 9] Internet-Draft ANI GRASP Objectives February 2017 7. Flood Frequency Any ASA that floods one of the above objectives should do so at a carefully chosen frequency. Recipient nodes may be starting up, reconnecting, or waking up from sleep, so floods need to be refreshed periodically. On the other hand, excessive flooding will consume bandwidth, CPU and battery capacity throughout the network, and might even resemble a DoS attack. A general guideline is to flood an objective once immediately after its value is initialised or changed, and then repeat the flood at intervals of at least 30 seconds. Additionally, the flooding interval should be slightly jittered to avoid synchronicity with other floods. Finally, the value of a flooded objective should change as rarely as possible (on a timescale of at least minutes, not seconds). 8. Security Considerations General security issues for GRASP are covered in [I-D.ietf-anima-grasp]. Specific issues that are not mentioned above are discussed in the referenced drafts for each use case. 9. IANA Considerations IANA is requested to add the following entries to the GRASP Objective Names Table registry created by [I-D.ietf-anima-grasp]: AN_join_registrar AN_join_assistant AN_ACP AN_NOC AN_intent_repo PrefixManager PrefixManager.Params 10. Acknowledgements Toerless Eckert, Max Pritikin, Michael Richardson 11. References 11.1. Normative References [I-D.greevenbosch-appsawg-cbor-cddl] Vigano, C. and H. Birkholz, "CBOR data definition language (CDDL): a notational convention to express CBOR data structures", draft-greevenbosch-appsawg-cbor-cddl-09 (work in progress), September 2016. Carpenter & Liu Expires August 17, 2017 [Page 10] Internet-Draft ANI GRASP Objectives February 2017 [I-D.ietf-anima-grasp] Bormann, C., Carpenter, B., and B. Liu, "A Generic Autonomic Signaling Protocol (GRASP)", draft-ietf-anima- grasp-09 (work in progress), December 2016. 11.2. Informative References [I-D.du-anima-an-intent] Du, Z., Jiang, S., Nobre, J., Ciavaglia, L., and M. Behringer, "ANIMA Intent Policy and Format", draft-du- anima-an-intent-04 (work in progress), July 2016. [I-D.ietf-anima-autonomic-control-plane] Behringer, M., Eckert, T., and S. Bjarnason, "An Autonomic Control Plane", draft-ietf-anima-autonomic-control- plane-05 (work in progress), January 2017. [I-D.ietf-anima-bootstrapping-keyinfra] Pritikin, M., Richardson, M., Behringer, M., Bjarnason, S., and K. Watsen, "Bootstrapping Remote Secure Key Infrastructures (BRSKI)", draft-ietf-anima-bootstrapping- keyinfra-04 (work in progress), October 2016. [I-D.ietf-anima-prefix-management] Jiang, S., Du, Z., Carpenter, B., and Q. Sun, "Autonomic IPv6 Edge Prefix Management in Large-scale Networks", draft-ietf-anima-prefix-management-02 (work in progress), January 2017. [I-D.ietf-anima-reference-model] Behringer, M., Carpenter, B., Eckert, T., Ciavaglia, L., Pierre, P., Liu, B., Nobre, J., and J. Strassner, "A Reference Model for Autonomic Networking", draft-ietf- anima-reference-model-02 (work in progress), July 2016. [I-D.ietf-anima-stable-connectivity] Eckert, T. and M. Behringer, "Using Autonomic Control Plane for Stable Connectivity of Network OAM", draft-ietf- anima-stable-connectivity-02 (work in progress), February 2017. Appendix A. Change log [RFC Editor: Please remove] draft-carpenter-anima-ani-objectives-01, 2017-02-13: Added prefix management case Updated objectives for BRSKI Carpenter & Liu Expires August 17, 2017 [Page 11] Internet-Draft ANI GRASP Objectives February 2017 Editorial corrections draft-carpenter-anima-ani-objectives-00, 2016-11-15: Initial version Authors' Addresses Brian Carpenter Department of Computer Science University of Auckland PB 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand Email: brian.e.carpenter@gmail.com Bing Liu Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd Q22, Huawei Campus No.156 Beiqing Road Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100095 P.R. China Email: leo.liubing@huawei.com Carpenter & Liu Expires August 17, 2017 [Page 12]